ICT
STD IX CH 8 :Moral and Ethics of computer users
Q1. Answer in brief
1) Define the terms
a. Moral
b. Ethics
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Moral
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Ethics
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Principles or habits with respect
to right or wrong conduct. It defines how things should work according to an individuals'
ideals and principles.
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The rules of conduct recognized in
respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group,
culture, etc. It defines how thing are according to the rules.
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Because we believe in something
being right or wrong. What if we don't do it? We may face peer/societal
disapproval, or even be fired from our job. Doing something against one's
morals and principles can have different effects on different people, they
may feel uncomfortable, remorse, depressed etc.
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Social system - External
Individual - Internal Why we do it? Because society says it is the right
thing to do.
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Usually consistent, although can
change if an individual’s beliefs change.
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Ethics are dependent on others for
definition. They tend to be consistent within a certain context, but can vary
between contexts.
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2) Discuss ethics for computer users.
A computer user must not do the
following things.
1.
use a computer in ways that may harm people.
2.
interfere with other people's computer work.
3.
snoop around in other people's computer files.
4.
use a computer to steal.
5.
use a computer to false witness
6.
copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
7.
use other people's computer resources without authorization.
8.
appropriate other people's intellectual output.
Always use a computer in ways that
ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans.
3) Discuss cyber law.
Cyber law or Internet law is a term
that encapsulates the legal issues related to use of the Internet. It is less a
distinct field of law than intellectual property or contract law, as it is a
domain covering many areas of law and regulation. Some leading topics include
internet access and usage, privacy, freedom of expression, and jurisdiction.
4) Explain IT Act 2000.
The Information Technology Act 2000
(also known as ITA-2000, or the IT Act) is an Act of the Indian Parliament (No
21 of 2000) notified on October 17, 2000.
The Government of India has brought
major amendments to ITA-2000 in form of the Information Technology Amendment
Act, 2008. ITAA 2008 (Information Technology Amendment Act 2008) as the new
version of Information Technology Act 2000 is often referred has provided
additional focus on Information Security. It has added several new sections on
offences including Cyber Terrorism and Data Protection.
Information Technology Act 2000
addressed the following issues:
1.
Legal Recognition of Electronic Documents
2.
Legal Recognition of Digital Signatures
3.
Offenses and Contraventions
4.
Justice Dispensation Systems for Cybercrimes
5) Explain Intellectual Property Rights.
Common types of intellectual
property rights include patents, copyright, industrial design rights,
trademarks, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets. There are
also more specialized varieties of exclusive rights, such as circuit design
rights, plant breeders' rights, plant variety rights, industrial design rights,
supplementary protection certificates for pharmaceutical products and database
rights.
6) Discuss Copyright.
Copyright is a legal concept,
enacted by most governments, that grants the creator of an original work
exclusive rights to its use and distribution, usually for a limited time, with
the intention of enabling the creator of intellectual wealth (e.g. the
photographer of a photograph or the author of a book) to receive compensation
for their work and be able to financially support themselves.
Copyright may apply to a wide range
of creative, intellectual, or artistic forms, or "works". Specifics
vary by jurisdiction, but these can include poems, theses, plays and other
literary works, motion pictures, choreography, musical compositions, sound
recordings, paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, computer
software, radio and television broadcasts, and industrial designs
7) Explain the concept of freeware and shareware.
Freeware is copyrighted computer software
which is made available for use free of charge, for an unlimited time. Authors
of freeware often want to "give something to the community", but also
want to retain control of any future development of the software.
The term shareware refers to
commercial software that is copyrighted, but which may be copied for others for
the purpose of their trying it out with the understanding that they will pay
for it if they continue to use it.
Freeware refers to software that
anyone can download from the Internet and use for free. Sharewares give users a
chance to try the software before buying it.
Q2. Fill in the blanks
1)
Unauthorized duplication and use of
software is called as Pirated software.
2)
Software which is available for
limited period is known as shareware.
3)
Accessing of data without having
permission is called Unauthorized access.
4)
CD received with magazine is a type
of Freeware software.
5)
If a person is not authorize
and if he tries to access information then it becomes violation of copy
right .
6) The rules and laws to use the software purchased by an
organization is specified in copyright law.
7)
Ethics indicates rules and regulation to be obeyed in an
organization.
8)
Ethics principles are based on
moral values.
